The quest for fabricating complex metal parts rapidly and with minimal cost has brought rapid prototyping (RP) processes to the forefront of the investment casting industry. A software framework program called Guided Interactive Statistical Decision Tools (GiSdT - pronounced 'gist') is introduced that supports this paradigm shift. A discussion of the need and rationale for this paradigm shift is presented, followed by a description of the technical basics of this approach to decision modeling, and ending with an explanation of the steps that are taken in this approach to structured decision-making. However, modeling of costs and value judgments has not often been addressed using any formal approach, despite the openings that exist in regulations (e.g., CERCLA's modifying criteria and the concept of 'as low as reasonably achievable' referenced in DOE Orders). Science-based modeling tools have been developed, improved, and used since the current regulatory setting was introduced about 30 years ago. Expectation ('realism') and uncertainty are addressed in the science-based models, whereas stakeholder values, preferences, and desires are addressed when modeling costs and value judgments. Decision analysis leads to addressing problem solving using a combination of a science-based model and a costs/values model. The reason it is needed for complex problems is that there are too many moving parts (variables) for humans to manage with out the formalism. Decision analysis, very simply, is formalized common sense. The first requirement of this paradigm shift is the realization and recognition that the problems faced are decision problems, and that there is a formal theory of decision analysis that can, and should, be used to support finding the best solutions. To overcome these limitations, a paradigm shift is needed towards a holistic, integrated approach to structure nuclear waste management, disposal and remediation decisions. And third, they lack a formal method through which both internal and external stakeholders are encouraged more » collectively to 'think through' complex problems that contain multiple competing objectives so that wise, socially acceptable, and scientifically-defensible decisions are made. The dominant way of thinking is that the current approach is sufficient to bring together the values and interests of both internal and external stakeholders in making a decision. Second, they lack methods to meaningfully address and incorporate the 'human dimension'. The dominant way of thinking is that, for example, conservative models yield better, safer decisions. First, they are based on a series of extraordinarily conservative assumptions. « lessĬurrent methods for structuring nuclear waste management, disposal, and remediation decisions are subject to three major limitations. The latest experimental results, along with an overview of the method will be presented. Laboratory validation is currently under way and significant results are available. Proof-of-principle modeling exercises simulating changes in acid strength have been completed and the results are promising. In addition, utilization of a suite of radio-elements, including ones with multiple oxidation states, increases the likelihood that attempts to divert material via process manipulation would be detected. By targeting gamma-emitting indicator isotopes, the MIP Monitor approach is more » compatible with the use of small, portable, high-resolution gamma detectors that may be easily deployed throughout an existing facility. Signatures from these indicator isotopes are monitored on-line by gamma spectrometry and compared, in near-real-time, to patterns representing "normal" process conditions using multivariate pattern recognition software. This method, known as the Multi-Isotope Process (MIP) Monitor, is based upon the measurement of distribution patterns of a suite of indicator (radioactive) isotopes present within product and waste streams of a nuclear reprocessing facility. Researchers from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and The Ohio State University are working to develop a system for monitoring spent nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities on-line, non-destructively, and in near-real-time.
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